The same rule, everywhere we track it. Click a jurisdiction for the full picture and official sources.
| Jurisdiction | Status | Rule | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Decriminalized | Clubs in legal grey zone — privacy essential Belgian cannabis social clubs (e.g. Trekt Uw Plant, active since 2006) operate without a legal basis through court test cases applying the shared-cultivation doctrine. They have no licences and no protection: discretion, closed membership and confidential member records are existential requirements, not preferences. |
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| South Africa | Decriminalized | Clubs: high-risk grey zone (Haze Club ruling) Grow clubs and social clubs have no legal recognition. In The Haze Club v Minister of Police, the Western Cape High Court declined to declare club cultivation-for-members lawful, treating it as potential dealing; the appeal was withdrawn, leaving that position as leading authority. Police raids on clubs and dispensaries continue. Absolute discretion, confidential member records and zero public visibility are existential for operators. |
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| Spain | Decriminalized | Cannabis social clubs (private associations) Cannabis social clubs in Spain operate as private, non-profit associations under the constitutional right of association and Supreme Court doctrine. They are tolerated only as fully closed circuits: pre-existing members, no walk-ins, no promotion, and distribution limited to members' personal consumption. Clubs that grow beyond a small closed group, admit tourists, or sell to non-members have been convicted as drug trafficking. Membership registries must be handled confidentially — the model depends on privacy. |
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| Uruguay | Legal | Membership clubs (IRCCA-registered) Uruguay is the only country with a fully legal cannabis club system: since 2014 (Ley 19.172), membership clubs registered with the IRCCA may cultivate collectively for their members. Hard limits: 15 to 45 members per club, up to 99 flowering plants, and a maximum of 480 grams per member per year (40 g/month). Members may only belong to one club and must choose one legal access channel (pharmacy, homegrow or club). Over 345 clubs and 12,000 members are registered, concentrated in Montevideo, Canelones and Maldonado. |
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